By: Sonia Livingstone<\/p>\n\n\n\n
October 24th, 2018<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In response to the question, \u201cDo you have any digital technology tips that you would like to share with other parents?\u201d a Portuguese father, aged 43, replied, \u201cI guess everybody is looking for that answer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taking care of the digital life of our little darlings is not a straightforward task. Parents tend to draw upon their own childhood experiences as a reference for parenting decisions, but dramatic changes within the media landscape and media usage has made this more difficult when it comes to technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A new JRC study on the use of digital technologies<\/a> by young children in the home has found that the majority of parents said that they would welcome more guidance on how to support the development of their children\u2019s use of digital devices. It has also highlighted the importance of parents as role models<\/a> in developing children\u2019s digital competences, including auto-regulation and critical thinking. Further, it stressed the importance of taking the time to enter our children\u2019s digital worlds, explore with them and help them make the most of their digital experiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Children\u2019s digital behaviours mirror their parents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThey learned how to use digital media by watching us \u2013 one or two times was enough,\u201d a Cypriot father.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The study, which involved interviews with 234 families in 21 countries, showed that children\u2019s digital skills develop from a very young age, mostly at home, and are gained from observing and mirroring parents\u2019 and older siblings\u2019 behaviour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Even if they have not yet mastered reading and writing, children develop their own strategies based on images and sound recognition and using technology such as text auto-completion or voice recognition. They do this \u2013 most of the time individually and autonomously \u2013 through trial and error, and not without risk. But by doing so they develop skills and are often more skilled and knowledgeable than their parents realise. In fact, it seems that the more they use digital technology the more they learn, although they also benefit from grown-ups\u2019 help to increase their range of digital skills, including critical thinking and creativity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Children\u2019s online life: not only YouTube and GooglePlay<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMy favourite hobbies are watching videos on YouTube, especially watching dance videos or videos about how to make bracelets but I always have to ask my mum,\u201d a Spanish girl, aged 6.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n The study highlights that for young children, digital technology is used for four main purposes: (1) leisure and entertainment, (2) information and learning, (3) creation, (4) communication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n According to the children\u2019s accounts, they mainly use digital technology to watch videos and games on YouTube and Google play. But this is not all they do. They also use search engines to get information on things they are interested in, fuel their imagination and creativity and support their school activities. Importantly, use of digital technology is more likely to be encouraged by parents if it is explicitly requested by schools themselves and parents are more aware of what their children are learning from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The study showed that a minority of children are social networkers as early as the age of six. The majority of these young users are invited by their parents to join family accounts under supervision. But others adopt social networks because of peer pressure or join online groups based on common interests. Some parents mediate their use and accompany their children online but others are not aware of the pitfalls and leave their children free to explore the tools alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Finally, while only some of the children are digital creators, all of them shared an interest in this, and benefited, at least initially, from being taught how to create content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Parents as role models for digital technology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Parents\u2019 attitudes<\/a> towards digital technology influence the strategies they adopt towards their children\u2019s use of digital tools, and thus shape their children\u2019s digital skills. Most parents see the digital revolution as inevitable, useful but challenging. The majority believe that mastering digital technologies and developing digital skills are fundamental for their children\u2019s development. However, they are sometimes challenged by digital technology themselves and by their children\u2019s use of digital devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The study finds that parents take advantage of digital technology to calm down or involve children in \u2018safe\u2019, quiet activities while outside of the house or when they themselves are busy with household duties.\u201cI only give [my smartphone] as an SOS! [\u2026] Look, when we are at a restaurant with friends, and the kids are completely hysterical, and we have tried everything else, I give it to [my children] to keep them entertained. It\u2019s when we have used all the other resources,\u201d a Portuguese father.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Most of parents struggle to understand where the line lies between constructive use of digital technologies that support their child\u2019s learning, and unhealthy use of these devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Parents who are the least knowledgeable about such technology tend to restrict their children\u2019s access to it the most. They fear possible negative effects on eyesight, concentration, cognitive capacities, and social behaviour \u2013 fears that are only partially related to real risks. But children are quick to break the rules whenever they can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Parents with high levels of digital skills are more likely to support their children\u2019s use of digital technologies and to use them together<\/a> with their children. They are more at ease as they know the technology, its potential, its pitfalls and are comfortable enough to guide them. Children benefiting from such support seem to acquire a larger range of digital skills, including relating to safety and critical thinking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Another factor seems to support the acquisition of more skills: meaningful integration of digital activities with school activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Schools are instrumental in promoting healthy and meaningful use of digital devices<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Some parents believed that schools are in a position to provide the guidance they need and are key to developing the digital skills that their children need. Parents tended to support their children\u2019s digital learning opportunities more and have more positive view of digital technology if schools meaningfully integrated<\/a> such technologies into homework activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Based on sample studies from different EU countries, the JRC study confirms that schools can have a major influence <\/a>on the acquisition of digital competences \u2013 including creative use \u2013 when digital technologies are integrated as active learning tools, as opposed to mere sources of information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n